NORDIC EUROPE
“Don't tell me how educated you are, tell me how much you have traveled” -- Mohammed

Denmark
Copenhagen 2004
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The Little Mermaid is a symbol of Copenhagen. The statue was commissioned by Carlsberg Brewery magnate, Carl Jacobson, in honor of writer Hans Christian Anderson

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Copenhagen's wind energy farm is in the ocean

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Copenhagen is a city of canals & castles

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Copenhagen is the largest Scandinavian city although Denmark is less than half the size of Maine

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The Viking Ship Museum These ships were built approximately year 1042. They were fast and could do a speed of up to 20 knots. Able to host more than 80 warriors, this kind of vessel was used by Danish and Norwegian Vikings for attacks on England and France

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Skuldelev 1 This is a trading ship for travelling in open sea. Probably the type of ship the Vikings called Knarr. It might be this kind of ship that they used for sailing to Greenland and North America

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The lane between the bicycles and the parked car (black) is for bicycles only
They have the right-of-way so be careful stepping off of a curb into the "bike lane!"

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Most people ride bicycles

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The tower of the Borsen Stock Exchange

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The Borsen Stock Exchange tower depicts three dragons whose tails twist upwards into a spire

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Kronborg Castle was built between 1574 and 1584. The castle's king was Amleth
Shakespeare chose this castle for the tragedy Hamlet and it is said
that Shakespeare transposed the H making Amleth, Hamlet

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King Amleth's life is said to have favored Shakespeare's character

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Frederiksborg Castle was built by Christian IV about 1610

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Tivoli Gardens
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Established in 1843, Tivoli Gardens is a cultural & entertainment center
with rides, amusements, gardens, lakes and 26 inviting restaurants

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At Tivoli Gardens there are more than 100,000 colored lights at night

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Our Norwegian Cruises' Noordam docked next to a Princess ship


Finland
Helsinki
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The Luthern Cathedral (1830-1852) on Senate Square

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The Upenski Cathedral

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The Kauppatori Market

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Street Entertainment

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Cat and Dog Show

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Rock Church, Helsinki
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Temppeliauko (The Rock Church) is carved out of solid rock

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The 70 foot diameter ceiling of the Rock Church
is completely covered in Finish Copper using 15 miles of copper wire

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The walls are rough, virtually unworked rock surfaces"

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Sibelius Park, Helsinki
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The Jean Sibelius Monument in Sibelius Park

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The first abstract monument in Finland is open to interpretation. Tree? Organ? Northern lights?
You can walk under the monument to view it from any angle you wish

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Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865-1957)

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Passio Musicae is located in the district of Töölö in the middle of a beautiful green park, on the ocean

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Porvoo
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Porvoo River

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Greenland
Nuuk - Cruise #2 (Sept 2010)
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Greenland's coast at sunrise.
Greenland is the largest island in the world

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Greenland got its name from Norse explorer Erik the Red.
He called it Greenland reasoning that the pleasant name
would more likely attract settlers

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Davis Strait
Nuuk means The Headland and is situated at the tip of a large peninsula
at the mouth of this gigantic fjord

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The granite mountains of Nuuk

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Breathtaking Arctic scenery is almost endless on the world's largest island

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Greenland is a rugged, forbidding land
that nonetheless possesses a stark beauty

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"Much of the island's interior lies beneath a vast ice cap
that in some places is up to 9,800 feet thick

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Most settlements are on the west and southwest coast,
including Nuuk

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The inhospitable interior of the island
relegates the entire population of Greenland to its rugged coastlines

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The climate is Subarctic with short, cool summers
and bitterly cold winters. Notice the icebergs and its September!

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Temperatures along the fjords average 50º Fahrenheit in the middle of summer
and 18º Fahrenheit during wintertime

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Originally founded in 1721,
Nuuk is the smallest capital city in the world

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The Kataug Cutural Center houses the only movie theater in Nuuk

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I wonder if they really know how to make Chili in Greenland!
We should have had lunch here

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I was struck by the simplicity of the cemetary

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The population of Nuuk is about 14,000 people.
The nation's entire population is 59,000

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Nuuk is the largest community in Greenland and the island's oldest Danish settlement

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The island features Inuit and European cultures
that are distinct from one another

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About 80% of Greenland's population is of Inuit
or mixed Inuit/Danish heritage

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Modern Greenland has undoubtedly been shaped
by European values and perspectives

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Today Nuuk is a hectic city in Greenlandic terms

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The Crystal Symphony docked in Nuuk

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Fishing is the all-dominating trade
and accounts for 95 percent of total exports

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The small boat marina

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Everyone owns a boat
which is the only way to leave town without taking the train

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Boats are used for fishing, sailing and
are the only way to leave town without taking the train

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A boat is the only way to leave town without taking the train

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Hans Egede
Nuuk was founded in 1728 by this missionary
after he left his first settlement at the Isle of Hope far out in Davis Strait

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Old Town is a short walk from the colonial harbour
with its beautiful old buildings

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The colorful buildings and houses of Old Town

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The Lutheran Church is the national church of Denmark,
but traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs remain strong
in many of Greenland's remote communities

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Old Town

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Old Town

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Old Town

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Didn't see any reindeer but Santa is supposed to live close by

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Santa Claus's Mailbox
Address a post card, drop it in this mailbox
and you'll get a letter from Santa

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Malik means Wave This is the only swimming pool in Greenland
and all children are required to learn how to swim

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Joan at Malik.
All children in Greenland are required to learn how to swim

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Me at Malik.
All children in Greenland are required to learn how to swim

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The natural granite is a temptation for artists carvings

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Granite carving of seals

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Granite carving of whales

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Granite carving of a whale

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Granite carving of an eye

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Hello from Nuuk, Greenland. Our teeth are chattering

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Greenland produces so many icebergs
that navigation is tricky even during the summer

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Icebergs ahead!
So, we're following the route of the Titanic to Nova Scotia.
Let's not get too realistic

Iceland
Reykjavik - Cruise #2 (Sept 2010)
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About 63% of Iceland's inhabitants live in the Reykjavík metropolitan area

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Most Icelanders are descendants of Norwegian settlers and Celts from the British Isles

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Iceland is the least densely populated country in Europe. Its landscape is pure and unpolluted

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Iceland’s summers are surprisingly warm, lush and green. By midsummer the sun dips down to the horizon but never sets

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Iceland is a volcanic island. Homes are heated geothermally from hot underground springs. Notice there are no chimneys on the houses

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About 28% of the land is used for grazing and only 1% is cultivated

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We only saw the Icelandic horses from a distance
Traditionally the horses have been raised free range or in a herd

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Icelandic horses have long, thick manes and tails and the winter coat is double

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Icelandic horses are all colors except appaloosa. Chestnut is the most common but some are all white and there are pinto in all of the usual colors"

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Building this golf course in the lava fields of Reykjavík must have been a challange

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When you visit Iceland you can be assured the Icelanders’ will welcome you with their desire to share their culture and asure that your stay is a pleasant one

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Deloitte is the tallest building in Reykjavík
Yes, that is a T.G.I. Friday's on the left

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In Reykjavík, the average temperature is 52° F in July and 30° F in January

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The Icelandic language is closest to the Old Norse language and has remained relatively unchanged since the 12th century

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Tjörnin (The Pond) is a small lake that usually freezes over during the winter but hot geothermal waters are pumped in to defrost an area for water birds

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Tjörnin (The Pond) is situated in the city centre next to the Reykjavik City Hall, several museums and the nearby University of Iceland

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We did not get to the Hallgrimskirkja Church but the steeple is visible throughout the city. The church can seat over 1000 worshipers. It houses a large pipe organ that has 5,275 pipes, is 15 metres tall and weighs 25 tons

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Höfõi House is located at Félagstúni in northern Reykjavík. Built in 1909, it was the residence of the British Counsel from 1938 until after World war II

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Höfõi House was the setting of the famous summit meeting between Reagan and Gorbashev in October 1986

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Sólfar (Sun Voyager)
The Viking Ship Sculpture by Jon Gunnar Arnason is located by the sea and contains the promise of undiscovered territory, a dream of hope, progress and freedom

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By Sæbraut (By the Sea)
Stand here during sunrise or sunset, at any time of the year, and enjoy an unforgettable moment or maybe a rainbow

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By Sæbraut with a spectacular rainbow. Unforgettable!
The Blue Lagoon, Reykjavik
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Blue Lagoon Iceland looks like something born from an otherworldly landscape but it is actually a man made geothermal spa

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Blue Lagoon Iceland is situated in the middle of a large lava field and created by geothermal seawater

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The Svartsengi power plant pumps up the geothermally heated water from holes as deep as 6,000 feet below the surface

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After being used to generate both heat and electricity, the completely clean excess is ejected into the lagoon

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The 100% clean run-off from the lagoon is used to fill the natural spa with warm and comfortable water

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Descriptions of the lagoon waters range everywhere from frosty blue. to the same color as the new Gatorade drink.

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The Blue Lagoon Spa is a supernatural looking body of water and the most photographed site in all of Iceland

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The Lagoon's soothing, mineral-rich water is rumored to have curative powers
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A swim in the Blue Lagoon is a must. We had decided not to go in but had some regrets after seeing it

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The temperature in the swimmable area of the Lagoon averages about 40ºC (104ºF)

Perlan, Reykjavik
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Perlan (The Pearl)
This ten-story building is an architectural and engineering masterpiece.
Perlan provides water storage (4.3 million liters per tank) for the Geothermal heat used throughout greater Reykjavik

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Perlan
There is a revolving restaurant and cocktail lounge in the glass dome at the top. Art exhibitions and concerts are held in the exhibition space on the ground floor, known as the Winter Garden

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Perlan Viewing Deck
The deck has panoramic telescopes at each of its six corners with recorded descriptions in five different languages

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Perlan is situated on Öskjuhlíõ Hill where the elevation provides adequate pressure to force water up a 10-story high-rise (even when built at 38 meters above sea level)

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Excellent 360 degree views of Reykjavik can be had from the Viewing Deck on top of Perlan

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Skulpturen vor der Perlan
A sculpture of musicians outside Perlan

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Evidence of Iceland's geothermal activity is everywhere

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Panoramic view


Norway
Oslo
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Oslo is the largest capital city in Europe but it is the least densely populated

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Approaching Oslo through the 60-mile Fjord

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Viking Ships like this one date from 800 to 900 AD. This is one of three authentic longships. These ships were so well designed that even today's technology could not make them more seaworthy

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The Hollmenkollen Ski Tower

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In the summer the bowl-shaped base of the ski jump is filled with water and the area is used for swimming and recreation

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The Norwegian Village

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Houses were built on stilts and the steps detached to keep mice and other pests out of the house

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Beds were very small because superstitions kept people from lying flat when they slept

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The Stave Church is built entirely of wood and without windows

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Vigeland Sculpture Park, Oslo
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Vigeland Sculpture Park was designed by Gustav Vigeland who donated all of his life's works to the people of Oslo

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For the center of the Park, Vigeland designed a magnificent iron fountain with six men supporting a large bowl of cascading waters. At each corner of the fountain there is a group of five sculptures in which human figures are merged into trees that illustrate episodes in life from birth to death

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The Tower of Mingled Bodies

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Sweden
Stockholm
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Stockholm Harbor. There are about 250,000 private boats registered here

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Gamla Stan (Old Town) does not have any streets for automobiles

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The Wasa Museum, Stockholm
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After 333 years under water, the Wasa was prudently salvaged using a method that replaced the evaporating water with oil

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The Wasa is the oldest preserved war vessel in the world

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The Wasa gun deck

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This model shows where the Flagship Wasa sank on its maiden voyage in 1628

The Archipelago
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The Stockholm Archipelago consists of 24,000 islands with about 50,000 summer homes and chalets

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